Quick command guide
===================

Here's a quick guide to UNIX commands.  There's also a good one at
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/cns/faq/account.maintaining.html#9

Special Characters
------------------
*     : match any character
~     : home directory
~user : home directory of user
.     : present working directory
..    : directory that contains .
|     : "pipe" output of one program to another program
>     : redirect output
<     : redirect input
&     : run program in background

Special Files
-------------
.forward : if exists, automatically sends incoming email to another address

Login/Logout, Passwords
-----------------------
ssh user@machine : remotely access "machine" as "user"
passwd           : change your UNIX password
ntpasswd         : change your NT password
exit             : exit a session

File Manipulation
-----------------
pwd         : determine present working directory
cd          : change to home directory (a.k.a. cd ~)
cd dir      : change to directory "dir"
ls          : list present working directory's files
ls -alF     : do a better job of listing files
mkdir dir   : create directory "dir"
rmdir dir   : remove directory "dir"
touch f     : create blank file "f"
cp f1 f2    : copy file "f1" to file "f2"
cp f d      : copy file "f" to directory "d"
cp -i a1 a2 : don't accidentally replace "a2"
mv f1 f2    : move file "f1" to file "f2"
mv f d      : move file "f" to directory "d"
mv -i a1 a2 : don't accidentally replace "a2"
rm f        : remove file "f"
rm -i f     : ask first before removing file "f"

File Permissions
----------------
chmod ugo-rwx f : remove all permissions for file "f"
chmod go-rwx f  : remove all permissions for file "f", except for owner
chmod o-rwx f   : remove all permissions for file "f", except for owner and group
chmod go+r f    : add read permissions for file "f" for others and group
chmod go+w f    : add write permissions for file "f" for others and group
chmod go+x f    : add execute permissions for file "f" for others and group
chmod u=rwx f   : set permissions for owner to be read, write, and execute
chmod o=r f     : set permission for others to be read, only

Help
----
man cmd    : get help on command "cmd"
man -k key : get commands relating to keyword "key"

Finding people
--------------
lu dug hu : find people such that given name starts with "dug" 
                             and family name starts with "hu"
lu hu     : find people such that family name starts with "hu"

finger uname : find information on person with user name "username" (finger hutch)
finger aname : find information on people with actual name "aname"  (finger Hutchings)
finger       : find out who's logged into the current system
finger @m    : find out who's logged into machine "m"

Viewing and editing text
------------------------
cat f   : show all of file "f"
head f  : show the first few lines of file "f"
tail f  : show the last few lines of file "f"
less f  : show all of file "f", one screen at a time ([f]orward, [b]ackward, [q]uit)
pico    : a simple text-editor
emacs   : a more complex text editor
vi      : a more complex text editor

Internet access
---------------
lynx     : a web browser
from     : list email message senders in inbox
biff y   : show first few lines of email as it arrives
biff n   : turn biff off
pine4    : interact with email and newsgroups
vacation : have email automatically answered while you're away from your email
sftp     : securely transfer files
scp      : securely copy files

Printing
--------
lpr -P p f  : print file "f" to printer "p"
lpq -P p    : inspect the print queue on printer "p"
lprm -P p u : remove all print jobs by user "u" from printer "p"

Runaway Processes
-----------------
ps -u un    : look at all processes being run by user "un"
kill -9 pid : kill the process "pid"
top         : inspect the programs using the most CPU time

Other commands
--------------
alias sh (long) : let the command "sh" stand for the longer command "(long)"
unalias sh      : remove the alias for "sh"
date            : show the current day, date, and time
cal             : show a calendar for the current month
cal yr          : show the calendar for the year "yr"
cal mon yr      : show the calendar for the month "mon" and year "yr"