The American Journalism Historians Association

OCCASIONAL PAPERS NO. 1

Oral Histories Relating to Journalism History
Second Edition
James D. Startt, Compiler


1999




Table of Contents


Introduction

Part One: National Oral History Collections

I. Broadcast Pioneers Library of American Broadcasting (University of Maryland)

II. Cartoon Research Library (Ohio State University)

III. Columbia University Oral History Research Office

IV. Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (Howard University)

V. "Newsleaders" (The Poynter Institute for Media Studies)

VI. The Roy W. Howard Archive (Indiana University)

VII. The State Historical Society of Wisconsin

VIII. Women in Journalism (Washington Press Club Foundation)

Part Two: Regional and Local Oral History Collections

I. California State University, Fullerton: Oral History Program

II. Center for Oral and Cultural Heritage (The University of Southern Mississippi)

III. Emory University: Special Collections

IV. Greenwich Library Oral History Project

V. Kansas City Broadcasting Oral History Collection

VI. Sangamon State University Oral History Collection

VII. Southern California Journalism Oral History Project California State University, Northridge)

VIII. University of California, Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office

IX. The UCLA Oral History Program

X. University of Louisville: Oral History Center

Part Three: Oral Histories at Presidential Libraries and Archives

I. Herbert Hoover Library Oral History Collection

II. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Oral History Collection

III. Harry S. Truman Library Oral History Collection

IV. Dwight D. Eisenhower Oral History Collection

V. John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library Oral History Collection

VI. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library Oral History Collection

VII. Richard M. Nixon Materials: National Archives, College Park, Maryland

VIII. Gerald Ford Library Interviews 35

IX. Jimmy Carter Library Oral History Collection

X. Ronald Reagan Library Oral History Collection

I. George Bush Library Oral Histories

Part Four: Leads to Other Oral Records

Users, please note: An index is available in printed version of this compilation. One for the on-line version will be available soon.


Introduction

Historians of recent history regard oral history as one of their richest sources. Considering how oral communication grew at the expense of the written word in the twentieth century, that outcome is hardly surprising. Today, as in centuries past, historians must ground their work in the records available. It is, therefore, their good fortune to have the abundant record oral history provides to explore. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that oral histories should be subjected to the same criteria of credibility that historians employ for other records, and it should be remembered that there are a variety of types of oral histories. Some are rather brief interviews; others, long and professionally developed records. Some focus on specific questions; others are comprehensive. The intent of this report is not to make a distinction between these types but rather to provide an account of what is available for inquiry into the history of journalism.

In compiling this survey, it became obvious that a degree of incompleteness was unavoidable. Oral history projects have become so numerous and diverse that it was impossible either to find or to include them all. In order to be as comprehensive as possible, the original search for relevant materials involved identifying appropriate oral history collections to contact by using the Directory of Oral History Collections (New York, 1988), pursuing suggestions made by members of the AJHA's Oral History Committee, following up on responses to an item requesting information about collections placed in the Intelligencer, and tracing out leads suggested by various librarians and archivists contacted in the search. Beyond that, at various stages in the process, computer searches were utilized. After identifying the collections that probably would be useful to the study of journalism history, the directors of each of the collections were contacted. The results, in most cases, were encouraging beyond expectation.

In updating the survey for the second edition, the librarians and archivists who responded to our first requests for information were again contacted. This allowed us to make a number of additions in the oral histories listed for their respective collections. Once again, oral history directories were examined for pertinent additions, and thanks to the work of Richard Shafer, the entire AJHA membership was polled for suggestions and more extensive computer searches were made. As a result, we became even more aware of the open-ended and continuing nature of oral history sources. Also, in the cases of several of the oral history centers cited (e.g., the Columbia University Oral History Research Center) whose interviews relating to journalism history number in the hundreds, it was not possible to cite them all in this survey. In those cases, one or several projects in the collection were cited, and leads to their other projects relevant to media history were provided. Consequently, it is our hope that this survey will be both informational and suggestive for scholars working in the field of American journalism history.

The survey itself is divided into four parts. Part I deals with collections that are national in focus; Part II includes those collections that have a regional or local focus, and Part III deals with those located at the presidential libraries. Part IV contains suggestions about possible other avenues that historians interested in oral records might pursue. The entries in the first three parts are arranged under four headings: (1) Description, (2) Interviewees (including only journalists and a few related figures like press secretaries contained in the collection), (3) Additional Holdings (especially those of an audiovisual type found in a collection), and (4) Contact Information. Regarding the use of materials cited in these collections, it is strongly urged that interested researchers contact directors in charge of the collections for more detailed information about them.

It should be mentioned that the survey is based on items received from the various repositories in answer to my inquiries. Quotations appearing in the descriptions of the collections come from those items. All of the identifications of the interviewers were taken from those materials, but in most cases the identifications provided were only used in part. In some cases, no identifications were given, other than the fact that the interviewees were journalists. It will also be apparent, since the identifying information was created by various people using different criteria, that the identification of the interviewers in this report is not consistent. Some of the interviews are restricted, but in most cases they do not appear to be prohibitive for scholars who make proper request for access.

I wish to express my appreciation for the assistance that the various librarians, archivists, and project directors who responded to my inquiries provided for this survey. Thanks to their information and leads to other possible sources, this revised edition contains reference to over a hundred new oral histories. I also wish to acknowledge David Copeland, Richard Shafer, and Maurine Beasley, the Chair of the American Journalism Historians Association's Oral History Committee, for the contributions they made to compiling and producing this survey. Appreciation is also due to Beth Schoppa for her work in preparing the manuscript for production.

James D. Startt
Valparaiso University, 1999
Part One: National Oral History Collections

I. Broadcast Pioneers Library of American Broadcasting (University of Maryland)

A. Description

Formerly known as the Broadcast Pioneers Library, the Broadcast Pioneers Library of American Broadcasting (BPLAB) has been collecting materials on American broadcasting since 1971. Among its extensive materials are many interviews with journalists. Varying in length and type, they are listed below according to several categories by which they can be accessed at BPLAB. The listing, however, is representative, not all inclusive.

B. Interviewees
Correspondents
1. Bliss, Ed
2. Brodie, Howard
3. Cochrane, Robert
4. Collingwood, Charles
5. Dunn, William J.
6. Frederick, Pauline
7. Herman, George E.
8. Le Sueur, Larry
9. Malone, Ted
10. Plambeck, Herb
11. Robinson, James
12. Scherer, Raymond
13. Schoenbrun, David
14. Sevareid, Eric
15. Wells, Fay Gillis
Journalists and News Commentators
1. Agronsky, Martin
2. Bilby, Kenneth
3. Chaplin, W. W.
4. Coyle, William F.
5. Craig, Walter
6. Dickerson, Nancy
7. Duke, Paul
8. Dune, William J.
9. Hackes, Peter
10. Harris, Jack
11. McCormick, Stephen
12. McCormick, Theo
13. Mencken, H. L.
14. Morgan, Edward P.
15. Perry, Marcella
16. Rash, Bryson
17. Thomas, Lowell
Reporters
1. Clarke, Jim
2. De Suze, Carl
3. Haynes, Trudy
4. Richards, Don
5. Shollenberger, Lewis W.
6. Turner, Molly
7. Whang, Andrew C. K.
8. Williams, Jack
9. Wilmotte, Raymond


C. Additional Holdings

The BPLAB also has large collections of scrapbooks, photographs, letters, books, pamphlets, and runs of broadcast-related periodicals, many which are difficult to find elsewhere. It also has over 3,000 scripts from radio and television programs and several thousand audiotape reels that constitute its Westinghouse News Collection (1958-1982) with its particular emphasis on Vietnam War and Watergate subjects. Among its special collections are those of Helen J. Sioussat, the director of the Talks Department of CBS from 1937-1958, who was responsible for arranging CBS's public affairs programming, and Edward M. Kirby, a Baltimore Sun reporter who became chief of the War Department's radio branch during World War II. Material about women in broadcasting can be found in the Edythe Meserand Collection which highlights her career as a documentary producer and as the first president of the American Women in Radio and Television. One of its most significant holdings is the William Hedges Collection. He was the former NBC executive and president of the National Association of Broadcasters who collected thousands of items for the Broadcast Pioneers History Project conducted from 1964 to 1971. The project, which contains "primary and secondary sources on nearly every aspect of broadcast history from 1915 to 1971," became the core of the library's holdings.

The National Public Broadcasting Archives are also located at the University of Maryland, and although there are no oral histories of journalists in the archives at this time, a considerable amount of primary materials of interest to journalism historians can be found there.

D. Contact
Chuck Howell, CA
Curator: Library of American Broadcasting
Hornbake Library
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland 20742-7011
Phone (301) 405-9160
For the National Public Broadcasting Archives, contact:
Thomas Connors
Curator: National Public Broadcasting Archives
Hornbake Library
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland 20742-7011 Phone (301) 405-9255


II. Cartoon Research Library (Ohio State University)

A. Description

The library has two oral history projects. The first is a collection of oral histories of editorial cartoonists in its Association of American Editorial Cartoonists (AAEC) archives. They are interviews with the AAEC's founding members and former office holders.

There is also an oral history interview with Edwina Dumm, the first woman full-time editorial cartoonist, in this collection. The second project is the National Cartoonist Society's "Living Library."

B. Interviewees

Interviews with AAEC's Founders and Former Officers

1. Aguila, Dani
2. Artley, Bob
3. Basset, Gene
4. Benson, Steve
5. Berry, Jim
6. Bissell, Charles
7. Campbell, Sandy; Rawls, Sam
8. Cantone, Vic
9. Crockett, Gib; Stampone, John;Wood, Art
10. Curtis, Tom
11. Donato, Andy
12. Drebelbis, Bob
13. Dumm, Edwina
14. Garrity, Marty
15. Graham, Bill
16. Haynie, Hugh
17. Henrikson, Art
18. Hill, Draper
19. Hubenthal, Karl and Elsie
20. Hulme, Etta
21. Judge, Lee
22. Kennedy, Jon
23. Lange, Jim and Helen
24. Locher, Dick
25. Peterson, Roy
26. Pletcher, Eldon
27. Poiner, Art
28. Robinson, Jerry
29. Rosen, Hy
30. Sargent, Ben
31. Stein, Ed
32. Valtman, Ed
33. Warren, L.D. and Julianne
34. Whitman, Bert

National Cartoonists Society "Living Library"

1. Caniff, Melton
2. Capp, Al
3. Devlin, Harry
4. Goldberg, Rube
5. Hirschfeld, Al
6. Illingworth, Leslie
7. Kelly, Walt
8. Low, David
9. Patterson, Russell
10. Pulitzer Prize Winners
Block, Herbert
Duffy, Edwin
Goldberg, Rube
Mauldin, Bill
11. Saunders, Allen
12. Schulz, Charles
13. Searle, Ronald
14. Walker, Mort


C. Additional Holdings

Each interview is transcribed, and the library has materials related to the oral histories.

D. Contact
Lucy Shelton Caswell
Curator
Cartoon Research Library
023L Wexner Center
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio 43210-1393
Phone (614) 292-9101

III. Columbia University Oral History Research Office

A. Description

Begun in 1948 by Allan Nevins, the Oral History Research Office has evolved into an immense project involving numerous oral history projects--well over 100. It is, consequently, the premier oral history program in the country. As the director of the Oral History Research Office points out: "The Collection holds over 500 interviews with major figures in journalism covering almost every aspect of the profession: editors, print, radio and television reporters, newspaper and magazine publishers, and columnists." There are also many interviews with lawyers, entertainment figures, and political leaders in which journalistic issues are discussed. To exemplify this extensive collection, one of its projects dealing with journalists is enumerated below followed by the names of some of the journalists included in individual interviews in the collection that are not part of its project listings."

B. Interviewees

The African-American Journalists Oral History Project

1. Andrews, C. Blythe
2. Andrews, W. J.
3. Austin, Lodius
4. Banks, Elouis
5. Barrow, Lionel
6. Beauchamp, Jacques
7. Bennett, Lerone, Jr.
8. Benton, Reuben
9. Bluford, Lucile
10. Bontemps, Arna
11. Booker, Simeon
12. Bowden, J. Lawrence
13. Brown, Mrs. Mildred
14. Collins, Melvin
15. Commodore, Chester
16. Cowans, Russell J.
17. Dabney, Thomas L.
18. Daly, E. A.
19. Day, Daniel
20. Dejoie, C. C., Jr.
21. Dunnigan, Alice Allison
22. Evans, W. Leonard.
23. Fowlkes, William A.
24. Franklin, Ada C.
25. Gay, Eustace
26. Gilison, D. Parke
27. Goodlet, Mrs. Carter
28. Goodwin, E. L., Jr.
29. Goodwin, E. L., Sr.
30. Green, Percy
31. Holman, Ben
32. Hubbard, William.
33. Jacax, Calvin
34. Jackson, Emory
35. Jervais, Paul R., Jr.
36. Johnson, F. M.
37. Johnson, J. F.
38. Jordan, John Q. "Rover"
39. Keith, Harold L.
40. Kellum, David
41. Lewis, Theophilus
42. Loeb, W. Leonard
43. Lyle, Jack
44. Maddox, Gilbert
45. Martin, Louis
46. Matthews, Ralph
47. McCall, Margaret E.
48. McCoy, Cullen
49. McElroy, Gorege
50. Moore, Charles
51. Morris, Carl
52. Morris, James B., Sr.
53. Moses, Newsome
54. Murphy, Howard B.
55. Murphy, John, III
56. Newman, Cecil B.
57. Nipson, Herbert
58. Parrish, Charles
59. Patterson, Pat
60. Powell, Norman
61. Prattis, Percival
62. Pride, Armistead
63. Queen, Robert
64. Quinn, Longworth
65. Ratchliffe, Robert M.
66. Rhone, L. H.
67. Roberts, Eric O.
68. Rousseau, John E., Jr.
69. Rowe, William "Billy"
70. Schuyler, George
71. Scott, C. A.
72. Scott, W. A., III
73. Sengstacke, John B., Sr.
74. Sengstacke, Whittier, Sr.
75. Smith, Joel
76. Stanley, Frank L., Jr.
Stevens, John
78. Stewart, Marcus C., Sr.
79. Sweeny, Al
80. Taylor, O. C. W.
81. Tribles, Vincent
82. Turner, Mammie Mitchell
83. Walker, Jesse
84. Walker, William O.
85. Warren, J. Hugo
86. Washington, Chester L.
87. Washington, Ruth
88. Wesley, Mrs. Carter
89. Wise, C. R.
90. Williams, Nathaniel D.
91. Wyche, Paul
92. Young, A. S. "Doc"


Individually Listed Interviews
1. Bendiner, Robert (former member of New York Times' editorial board)
2. Davis, Elmer (reporter, broadcaster, and director of the Office of War Information during W.W. II)
3. DuBois, William Edward Burghardt (reform leader, educator, and from 1910 to 1934 editor of the NAACPıs The Crisis)
4. Krock, Arthur (the New York Timesı senior Washington political writer, 1932-1966)
5. Lippmann, Walter (noted columnist and author)
6. Meyer, Eugene (Washington Post publisher, 1933-1946)
7. Midgley, Les (with CBS)
8. Paley, William S. (broadcast executive)
9. Stanton, Frank (former president of CBS)

C. Additional Holdings

Most journalism historians working in the twentieth century should study the various indexes of the Oral History Research Office. Aside from the large Biographical Project, other projects of interest to them include: American Cultural Leaders, Eisenhower Administration, Federal Communications Commission, Hollywood Film Industry, Journalism Lecturers, Koch Administration, McGraw-Hill (regarding discussion of magazines), Popular Arts, Radio Liberty, Radio Pioneers, and The Washington Press Club Foundation: Women in Journalism (listed separately in this pamphlet). Information about the Collection can be accessed in the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN), entered in AMC format.

VD. Contact

Ronald J. Grele
Director: Oral History Research Office
Butler Library
Columbia University
New York, New York 10027
Phone (212) 854-2273

IV. Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (Howard University)

A. Description

The Center has over 700 interviews on the civil rights movement of the 1960s and early 1970s. It has interviews with fifteen journalists.

B. Interviewees
1. Allen, Ernie (Co-founder and editor of Soulbook)
2. Bailey, Peter (Assoc. Editor, Ebony Magazine)
3. Goodlett, Carlton (Editor and publisher, San Francisco Sun-Reporter)
4. Jackson, Emory O. (Editor, Birmingham World)
5. Johnson, Robert E. (Managing editor, Jet Magazine)
6. Martin, Louis (Vice president of Sengstacke Publications and former deputy chairman and head, Minorities Division, Democratic National Committee)
7. Mayfield, Julian
8. McKnight, C. A. (Editor, Charlotte Observer)
9. Moon, Henry Lee (Editor, The Crisis)
10. Rowan, Carl J.
11. Scott, C. A. (Editorial publisher, Atlanta Daily World)
12. Stanley, Frank L. (Editor and publisher, Louisville Defender)
13. Watts, Daniel (Editor-in-chief, Liberator magazine)
14. Worthy, William (Correspondent, Baltimore Afro-American)
15. Young, A. S. "Doc" (Sports editor, Los Angeles Sentinel)

C. Additional Holdings

There are also several oral history transcripts in the Center's Black Press Archives.

D. Contact

Joellen El Bashir
Senior Manuscript Librarian
Moorland-Spingarn Research Center
Howard University
Washington, D.C. 20059

V. "NewsLeaders" (The Poynter Institute for Media Studies)

A. Description

Between 1985 and 1987 the Poynter Institute conducted this series of videotaped interviews of renowned figures in print and broadcast journalism. It contains thirty-one interviews, each one is thirty minutes long. John Chancellor was the host for the first seventeen and Sander Vanocur for the last fourteen. Most of the interviewing was done by Donald K. Baldwin, founding director of the Institute, and Marion K. Poynter, widow of Nelson Poynter, founder of the Institute. The videotapes can be viewed at the Institute.

B. Interviewees
1. Bingham, Barry, Sr. (Former chairman, Louisville Newspapers)
2. Block, Herbert (Editorial cartoonist, Washington Post)
3. Bradlee, Ben (Executive editor, Washington Post)
4. Chancellor, John (Commentator, NBC News)
5. Chandler, Otis (Chairman, Times-Mirror Co.)
6. Donovan, Hedley (Former editor, Time-Life Publications)
7. Evans, Harold (Former editor, London Times)
8. Fanning, Katherine (Editor, Christian Science Monitor)
9. Forbes, Malcolm (Forbes Magazine)
10. Friendly, Fred (Former president, CBS News)
11. Graham, Katharine (Chairman, Washington Post)
12. Greenfield, Meg (Editorial page editor, Washington Post)
13. Issaacs, Norman (Former executive editor, Louisville Courier-Journal)
14. Kirkpatrick, Clayton (Former editor, Chicago Tribune)
15,16,17. Knight, James; James Batten and Alvah Chapman (Knight-Rider)
18. McClatchy, C. K. (Chairman, McClatchy Newspapers)
19. Neuharth, Al (Chairman, The Gannett Co.)
20. Patterson, Eugene (Chairman, Times Publishing Co.)
21. Phillips, Warren (Chairman, Dow Jones Co.)
22. Poynter, Nelson (Founder, Poynter Institute)
23. Reston, James (Columnist, New York Times)
24. Royster, Vermont (Former editor, The Wall Street Journal)
25. Sengstacke, John (Publisher, Chicago Defender)
26. Sevareid, Eric (Former commentator, CBS)
27. Sulzberger, A. O. (Publisher, New York Times)
28,29,30. Taylor, Davis; John Taylor and Tom Winship (Boston Globe)
31. Wiggins, Russell (Former editor, Washington Post)

C. --

D. Contact

The Poynter Institute for Media Studies
801 Third Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
Phone (813) 821-9494

VI. The Roy W. Howard Archive (Indiana University)

The Roy W. Howard Archive has a collection of interviews with about twenty people who were interviewed on videotape concerning Roy Howard and his life. Among those listed below who were interviewed for this project are a number of prominent journalists (indicated by *).

B. Interviewees

1. Ahlgren, Frank
2. *Caldwell, Jacques
3. Crammer, Helen Worden
4. Foley, Dr. William
5. *Ford, Frank
6. *Hoff, Earl
7. *Howard, Jack
8. Howard, Mrs. Jack (Eleanor)
9. Lockhart, Jack
10. Lowensohn, Naomi (2 interviews)
11. MacArthur, Mrs. Douglas (Jean)
12. MacNeish, Mrs. Noel (Ethel)
13. Meyer, Matt
14. Perkins, Jane Howard
15. Robbins, Dr. Guy F.
16. Romulo, Carlos
17. *Scripps, Charles E.
18. Townsend, Barnard
19. Wallace, Albert D.
20. Watters, Mort


C. --

D. Contact

David Weaver: Roy W. Howard Research Professor
Roy W. Howard Archive
School of Journalism
Indiana University
7th and Woodlawn Streets
Bloomington, Indiana 47405-6201
Phone (812) 855-9247

VI. The State Historical Society of Wisconsin

A. Description

The State Historical Society of Wisconsin has an extensive collection of papers of prominent journalists and has recently initiated an oral history project to enrich its collections in journalism. There is, unfortunately, no catalog available for its oral history material related to journalism. However, information about the society's oral history holdings can be accessed through its on-line database (telnet://silo.adp.wisc.edu.5034). Since the society's reference librarian warned that this is a "somewhat tricky" process, a phone call might be advised before beginning a Web Site search.

B. --

C. Additional Holdings

The Historical Society has one of the largest newspaper collections in the country, and its Mass Communications History Collections include relevant manuscript collections, television news film, and various media-related archival records.

D. Contact

Harold L. Miller
Reference Archivist
The State Historical Society of Wisconsin
816 State Street
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Phone (608) 264-6459

VIII. "Women in Journalism" (Washington Press Club Foundation)

A. Description

Begun in 1986, this oral history project contains full-life interviews with fifty-five women. It includes histories of women whose careers collectively span more than seven decades. Twenty of the interviewees began their careers before 1942; fifteen, between World War II and 1964; and twenty, after 1964. The women selected represent a diversity of race, locale, and type of job experience. All are journalists known for achievement in their fields and have been "connected with people and events of historical significance." Each interview is indexed, and there is a compilation of brief biographies of the interviewers available on request. Completed in 1994, this project received support from over twenty foundations, and represents a major primary record in journalism, social, and political history. Transcripts are available either by Web Site (http://npc.press.org/wpforal/ohhome.htm) or for purchase.

B. Interviewees (Only dates are provided here, but lengthy identifications are available)

1. Anderson, Marie (1916- )
2. Asbury, Edith Evans (1910- )
3. Bartimus, Tad (1947- )
4. Beebe (Pinkham Harris), Katherine "Kay"(1901- )
5. Bluford, Lucile (1911- )
6. Bulkeley, Christy (1942- )
7. Butcher, Mary Lou (1943- )
8. Campbell, Beth (1909-1988)
9. Carper, Elsie (n.d.)
10. Carter, Betty (1910- )
11. Castleberry, Vivian (1922- )
12. Chase, Sylvia (1938- )
13. Chung, Connie (1946- )
14. Cooke, Marvel (1903- )
15. Cowan (Nash), Ruth (1901-1991)
16. Davis, Belva (1932- ) (1945- )
17. Eads (Bancroft), Jane (1901-1991)
18. Garber, Mary (1916- )
19. Gilliam, Dorothy (1936- )
20. Goodman, Ellen (1941- )
21. Harris, Fran (1909- )
22. Howell, Deborah (1941- )
23. Hunter-Gault, Charlayne (n.d.)
24. Johnson, Kathryn (1928- )
25. Jurney, Dorothy (n.d.)
26. Katz, Tonnie (1945- )
27. Kelso, Iris (1926- )
28. Kirkpatrick (Milbank), Helen (1909- )
29. Leary, Mary Ellen (1913- )
30. Leff, Deborah (1951- )
31. Lewis, Flora (1922- )
32. Lozano, Monica (1956- )
33. Ludtke, Melissa (1951- )
34. McClendon, Sarah (1910- )
35. McGrory, Mary (n.d.)
36. Meserand, Edythe (1908- )
37. Montgomery (Singer), Gladys (1896- )
38. Mosby, Aline (1922- )
39. Moulton, Charlotte (1913- )
40. Murphy, Frances (1922- )
41. Paxson, Marjorie (1923- )
42. Payne, Ethel (1911-1991)
43. Pitt (Sherlock), Virginia "Ginny"
44. Povich, Lynn (1943- )
45. Richards (Plummer), Margaret (1909- )
46. Schultz, Marilyn (1945- )
47. Shanahan, Eileen (1924- )
48. Shelton, Isabelle (1916-1993)
49. Shen, Catherine (1947- )
50. Simpson, Carole (1940- )
51. Skye, Harriet (1931- )
52. Tanabe, Barbara (1949- )
53. Taylor, Ruth Ashton (1922- )
54. Wade, Betsy (1929- )
55. Wille, Lois (1931- )


C. Additional Holdings

The project also includes videotaped interviews with four women journalists who recall covering Eleanor Roosevelt's press conferences in the 1930s and early 1940s.

D. Contact

Gini Blodgett
The Eric Friedheim Library and News Information Center
National Press Club
14th and F Streets, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20045
Phone (202) 662-7523

Part Two: Regional and Local Oral History Collections

I. California State University, Fullerton: Oral History Program

A. Description

This is a large regional collection that includes many journalists of the area. The interviews listed below were selected by Professor Arthur Hansen for a course he offers on the local media at the university and can be considered representative of others of journalists in the collection. A catalog is available for additional information.

B. Interviewees

1. Alexander, Elizabeth Pat (n.d.) Since 1953 editor of a sensationalistic black weekly, the Los Angeles Herald-Dispatch.
2. Bailey, A. Peter (1938- ) Associate Editor of Ebony in 1976 and editor of The Black Lash for Malcolm X's Organization of Afro-American Unity.
3. Campbell, Samuel (1920- ) Associate Editor, Santa Ana Register.
4. Drake, William (n.d.) Editor and publisher of the Yorba Linda Star.
5. Dunlap, John "Sky" (1912-1968) Newsman, local and with the United Press, and owner-operator of the Pacific Clipping Service.
6. Fischle, Richard W. (1912-1981) With the Anaheim Bulletin, 1929-1968.
7. Hall, Frank (ca. 1910- ) Publisher of the Brea (California) weekly, Brea Progress, 1947-1956.
8. Hart, Elsie (1889-1977) Widow of former editor of the Orange Daily News, William O. Hart.
9. King, Ruth E. (ca. 1910- ) Correspondent for the Herald and News (Klamath Falls, Oregon).
10. Lomax, Almena Davis (1918- ) Black journalist and editor of the Los Angeles Tribune, 1940-1960.
11. Loudon, Howard (1915- ) A newspaperman discusses the founding and history of the Anaheim Bulletin and its struggle with the Ku Klux Klan.
12. Smith, Don (1926- ) Correspondent of the Los Angeles Times
13. Smith, Jimmie (1892-1981) A black journalist discusses blacks in films, black community life in Los Angeles and black sports reporting.
14. Spitaleri, Vernon (1922- ) Owner and publisher of the Laguna News-Post, 1967-1985
15. Sutherland, Carrie Lou (1899-1971) Women's editor of the Anaheim Bulletin.
16. Tresslar, Grace (1876-1968) Discusses the development of the Fullerton News, owned by her husband.
17. Weimer, George W. (1902-1981) Previous to being mayor of Orange, California (1944-1950), he worked for Orange Daily News starting in 1925, and the interview includes recollections of the latter.
18. Wiggins, Wallace (ca. 1908- ) Owner and operator of radio station KVOE in Santa Ana, California.

C. Additional Holdings

The program also has a Philippines project that includes interviews with James Halsema (1919- , correspondent for the Manila Daily Bulletin) and Frederic S. Marquardt (1905- , coeditor of the Philippine Free Press) as well as interviews with a number of Japanese-Americans.

D. Contact

Kathleen Frazee, Associate Director
Oral History Program
California State University
P.O. Box 6846
Fullerton, CA 92834-6846
Phone (714) 278-3580

II. Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage (The University of Southern Mississippi)

A. Description

Originally known as the Mississippi Oral History Program, this collection of oral histories of Mississippians and of the state's history began twenty-five years ago. The collection contains interviews with a number of journalists including some of national prominence. They are classified in three categories of the program, as listed below. The interviews can be purchased in the form of cassette tapes, computer disk copy, or in bound or unbound transcription.

B. Interviewees
Broadcasting
1. Barber, Walter "Red"
2. Brown, Robert
3. Deal, Borden
4. Holt, Charles
5. McRaney, Bob
6. Swan, Jimmy 		Journalists and Journalism
1. Beets, Eva
2. Bradley, Norman
3. Brown, Robert
4. Caire, Ronnie
5. Carter, Betty
6. Catledge, Turner
7. Chambers, Elsie May
8. Cotton, Gordon
9. Crums, Brodie
10. Davis, Ben
11. Dunn, Burris
12. Emmerich, Oliver
13. Gaudet, William
14. Haas, Irene
15. Hairston, Jack
16. Hewitt, Purser
17. Horne, McDonald
18. Johnston, Erle
19. Jordan, Eleanor
20. Lipscomb, Edward
21. McDavid, E. G.
22. McDavid, O. C.
23. McKellar, Charles
24. McLean, George
25. Pittman, Paul
26. Smith, Michael
27. Tims, P. A.
28. Walters, Carl
29. Wilkes, Eugene
30. Willoughby, Mrs. B.
31. Wilson, L. A.
32.Wilson, Mrs. L. A.


C. Additional Holdings

The U.S.M. Archives recently acquired the papers of Erle Johnston, a Forest, Mississippi editor, who served as the public relations director of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission, which worked to halt integration in the 1950s and 1960s.

D. Contact

Charles C. Bolton, Director
The Mississippi Oral History Program
The University of Southern Mississippi
Box 5175
Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5175
Phone (601) 266-4574

III. Emory University: Special Collections

A. Description

The Ralph McGill Papers located here contain a box of audiocassettes of interviews with the well-known columnist and editor of the Atlanta Constitution.

B. Interviewees

1. McGill, Ralph

C. Additional Holdings

In the library's Special Collections there are tapes of several discussion programs held at Emory University in the 1950s and early 1960s. Ralph McGill and some other southern journalists participated in these discussions. The series of interest are: "Editors View the South" (1957), "Crisis in the Schools" (1958 & 1959), and "The South in Transition" (1965). Also located here is the WSB Radio Tape Collection that spans the years from the 1950s to the 1980s. It includes some interviews with Ralph McGill, Aubrey Morris, novelist and political commentator Gore Vidal, and a few others.

D. Contact

Beverly B. Allen
Reference Archivist
Robert W. Woodruff Library
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Phone (404) 727-6887

IV. Greenwich Library Oral History Project

A. Description

This project contains interviews with over 530 people who have been associated with Greenwich life during the last 100 years. It includes the seventeen interviews with journalists listed below. Identifications for some but not all of the subjects were provided in the subject index to the collection. An asterisk following the name indicates that the interview has been published and is available for sale at $15.00 per copy.

B. Interviewees

1. Breed, Rebecca
2. Button, Robert (Cablevision)
3. Caldwell, Joan*
4. Chapman, Josephine* (Greenwich Mail)
5. Fink, William*
6. Gotch, John (Photography)
7. Hanson, Maury (The Nutmegger)
8. Hartley, Wakeman (Village Gazette)
9. Kendall, Judith (Columnist)
10. Nickerson, Mary Jane (Early radio)
11. Palmer, Howard (Greenwich Press)*
12. Pirro, Charles (Greenwich Time)*
13. Price, Earl (WGCH)
14. Ryan, William*
15. Stevens, George (WGCH)*
16. Young, Bill (Greenwich Time)*
17. Yudain, Bernard (Greenwich Time)


C. --

D. Contact

Catherine H. Ogden, Chairman
Oral History Project
Friends of the Greenwich Library
101 West Putnam Avenue
Greenwich, Connecticut 06380
Phone (203) 622-7945

V. Kansas City Broadcasting Oral History Collection

A. Description

There are a good number of interviews with local broadcast journalists represented in this collection. They were taped between 1985 and 1993, and although they are part of a private collection yet to be housed in an archive, arrangements can be made to work with the tapes at Rockhurst College. Below are listed interviewees who worked in news positions.

B. Interviewees (Identifications include only positions held with Kansas City stations)

1. Anschutz, Wendell (Reporter and news anchor)
2. Bodine, Walt (Reporter, news director, talk show host)
3. Butler, David (News director)
4. Dorsey, Claude (Transradio reporter, news director, news anchor)
5. Feeback, Sammie (News photographer)
6. Gray, Charles (Reporter and news director)
7. Grove, Harold Mack (Reporter, news director, anchor)
8. Heckerson, Noel S (Reporter, announcer, anchor)
9. Mullins, Reverdy L. (News reporter)
10. Smith, Allen D. (News reporter, news director)
11. Thornberry, John (News announcer and anchor)
12. Whiting, Pam (Reporter, announcer, news director)
13. Williams, Lafe (Announcer, reporter)

C. --

D. Contact

William J. Ryan
Associate Professor
Departments of Communication and Fine Arts
Rockhurst College
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
Phone (816) 333-2159

VI. Sangamon State University Oral History Collection

A. Description

Having closed in 1991, the Oral History Office here no longer operates an active program. The existing interviews, including those with about twenty central Illinois journalists and statehouse reporters, have been transferred to the University Archives. Nevertheless, a few new interviews are still being added to the collection, and a guide and index for it is available.

B. Interviewees


1. Bunn, George, Jr. (1890-1973)
2. Day, William (1912- )
3. Dinsmore, Robert Truman (1885-1982)
4. Downey, William (Smokey) (1909- ).
Governor Stratton's Press Secretary.
5. Howard, Robert (1905-1989)
6. Johnston, Mary (1921- )
7. Jones, Malden (1908- )
8. Kanady, Johnson (1914-1989).
Governor Stratton's Press Secretary.
9. Kempe, Joseph Colman (1919- )


10. Madison, Fran H. (1888- )
11. Monroe, Karl (1915- )
12. Myers, Jacob Duffy (1898- )
13. Osby, Simeon Barker (1909- )
14. Phelps, Harvey (1908-1979)
15. Plews, Matilda Johnson (1906- )
16. Purcell, W. Henson (1895- )
17. Schuppe, George (1905-1980)
18. Tagge, George (1907- )
19. Vasconcelles, Shelby J. (1909- )
20. Weber, Jessica (1947- )


C. --

D. Contact

Thomas J. Wood, University Archivist
University Archives, Library 144
Sangamon State University
Springfield, Illinois 62794-9243
Phone (217) 786-6597

VII. Southern California Journalism Oral History Project (California State University, Northridge)

A. Description

This collection contains about seventy interviews with area journalists. It focuses on "working journalists" who are unlikely to be the subject of biographical or autobiographical studies.

B. Interviewees "

1. Atwood, Brand
2. Baker, Carter
3. Banks, Adelyn
4. Beck, Roger
5. Beebe, Bill
6. Bergholz, Richard
7. Bickmore, Nadine Mason
8. Boynoff, Sara
9. Brown, Cecil
10. Burk, Margaret Tante
11. Chappelle, Charles
12. Clarke, Cyril J. (Jack)
13. Clarke, Lois Thrasher
14. Coonradt, Frederic
15. Corneal, George
16. Crago, William
17. Dare, Kenneth
18. Dektar, Cliff
19. Fowler, Larry
20. Fox, Jack
21. Garrison, Phil
22. Gupenwaldt, Ravul
23. Gunderson, Judd
24. Haas, Lou
25. Haverlin, Carl
26. Hendrickson, Joe
27. Hereford, Peggy G.
28. Hermann, Cleve.
29. Hill, Gladwin
30. Hubenthal, Karl
31. Jenkins, Essex
32. Kahn, Alex
33. Keropian, Haig
34. Koken, Pete
35. Krauch, Herb
36. Larson, Louise Lelung
37. Lintner, James
38. Louie, Edwin
39. Mendenhall, Ferdinand
40. Miles, Marvin
41. Nazarian, Charles
42. Newhall, Scott
43. Osborne, Henry
44. Partch, Virgil
45. Ring, Frances
46. Roberts, Clete
47. Rothman, Marcella Elias
48. Samuels, Ralph
49. Scott, Durwood
50. Shafer, Bob
51. Sharkey, Irene Raddon
52. Sharkey, Larry
53. Smith, David
54. Smith, Jack
55. Smith, Roy D.
56. Stout, Bill
57. Straszer, George (Mike)
58. Swenson, Carl
59. Thorner, Will
60. Timmer, Jack
61. Turpin, Dick
62. Vlach, Florence
63. Weaver, John D.
64. Weeks, Paul
65. Welsh, Bill
66. Williams, Howard
67. William, Nick B.
68. Work, Telford
69. Zimmerman, Paul B.


C. Additional Holdings

In its Urban Archives Center, the university also has audiotapes in its William R. Fowler and Agness M. Underwood Collections of Gene Fowler, a journalist in Denver, New York, and Hollywood, and of Agness Underwood, who, as editor of the Los Angeles Examiner, was one of the first women to edit a major daily.

D. Contact

Robert G. Marshall, Archivist
Urban Archives Center
University Archives
California State University, Northridge
18111 Nordhoff St.
Northridge, California 91330-8329
Phone (818) 885-2487

VIII. University of California, Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office

A. Description

This extensive oral history collection contains interviews with some journalists including several with national and international reputations.

B. Interviewees

1. Devlin, Marion Erb (Women's News Editor, Vallejo Times-Herald, 1931-1978)
2. Kester, Frank (Editor and reporter in San Francisco and Oakland, 1911-1941. Interview in the library but not available for purchase.)
3. Lal, Gobind Behari (Renowned Indian intellectual and Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, known especially as Science Editor for the Hearst newspapers)
4. Newhall, Scott (Executive Editor, San Francisco Chronicle, 1952-1971)
5. Pratt, Newton (Editorial cartoonist, Sacramento Bee. Interview in the library but not available for purchase.)
6. Roger, Sidney (Labor journalist, editor ILWU Dispatcher, and broadcaster for the Office of War Information in W.W. II and for various other radio stations)

C. Additional Holdings

In this collection there are a number of interviews with or involving journalists covering specific subjects and personalities related to California life and politics. For instance, one entitled, "The Governor and the Public, the Press, and the Legislature," includes an interview with Governor Earl Warren's press secretary. Another, "Bee Perspectives of the Warren Era," is a discussion by editors and reporters on the Sacramento Bee about Warren's political career in California. The "Goodwin Knight-Edmund G. Brown, Sr. Project" includes interviews with numerous people on California politics in the 1950s and 1960s. Pierre Salinger was one of the journalists interviewed for this project.

D. Contact

Shannon Page
Office Production Manager: Regional Oral History Office
The Bancroft Library
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-6000
Phone (510) 642-7395

IX. The UCLA Oral History Program

A. Description

The expressed charge of this program is to collect "the memories of the history of Southern California," and while it fulfills that charge, it also involves people who were active far beyond California. This is true in the case of the several journalists interviewed. Altogether the program includes transcripts of over 400 interviews that are "far more complete than mere verbatim records."

B. Interviewees

1. Dyson, Verne (1879-1971). A newspaperman who was active in Kansas City, Los Angeles and Shanghai from 1907-1928.
2. Forman, Henry James (1879-1966). A reporter for the New York Sun, 1903-1905, and an editor for various magazines (i.e., Appleton's, Literary Digest, North American Review, and Collier's Weekly) from 1905-1918. Afterwards he was active in London literary circles from the 1910s through the 1930s and an author of note.
3. Harrison, Gilbert A. (1915- ). Publisher and editor-in-chief of The New Republic, 1954-1974.
4. Larson, Arnold B. (1901- ). Los Angeles reporter, 1925-1959.
5. Rodney, Lester (1911- ). Sports writer for the Daily Worker and later, after leaving the Communist Party, for several California newspapers. He was important in the struggle to desegregate baseball, and his interview is informative about various aspects of radical opinion in the United States through the 1970s.

C. Additional Holdings

Of particular additional interest in this collection are several interviews with pioneers of motion pictures and television. There is also a catalog available for purchase (The UCLA Oral History Program: Catalog of the Collection, compiled by Vimala Jayanti, second edit., 1992) that contains abstracts of the transcribed interviews and a helpful index that includes references to journalists in other collections.

D. Contact

Dale E. Treleven
Director: Oral History Program
Department of Special Collections
University Research Library
University of California
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1575
Phone (310) 825-4932

X. University of Louisville: Oral History Center

A. Description

The center has numerous oral histories of people in journalism and related fields who have been associated with Louisville. They are listed below under subject headings designated by the center. In this case, the center requested that our listing include information about whether or not the interviews are restricted and whether summaries and transcripts are available. Accordingly, "R" for restricted, "S" for summary, and "T" for transcript will be noted below, when they apply, following each entry.

B. Interviewees

Arts and Culture

1. Mootz, William (Senior Courier-Journal critic since 1958)
2. Saunders, Dudley (Senior Courier-Journal critic since 1962)
3. Ward, Alexander Allen (Public relations intern, ATL, 1983-84 season)

Business Interviews: Courier-Journal Interviews

According to the finding aid, p. 2, "this collection consists of interviews with persons in management, reporting, editing, and the production and distribution of a daily newspaper. Interviews include topics of the rough-and-tumble journalism of the 1920s and 1930s, the Courier Journal and the Louisville Times and World War II, desegregation and merger of the city and county school systems, and other aspects."

1. Baker, Stuart Lisle (Courier-Journal and Times executive) S, T
2. Barry, Mike (Times sports columnist and publisher of the Kentucky Irish American) S, T
3. Bingham, George Barry, 1906-1988 (Family life and history of Courier-Journal and Times) R, T
4. Bingham, George Barry, 1906-1988 (Chairman of the Board, Courier-Journal and Times, WHAS, etc.) S, T
5. Bingham, George Barry, 1933- (Editor and publisher, Courier-Journal and Times) S, T
6. Caummisar, Basil (From 1934-1964 in the circulation department) S
7. Clowes, Molly (Reporter 1936-1966 and then editor) S
8. Coady, Jean Howerton (Reporter, copy editor, arts editor, etc., 1945- ) S
9. Crowdus, Vince (Police and city hall reporter, 1947- ) S
10. Davis, William Mitche, Jr. (Director of Photography Department for 35 years, until 1974) S
11. Edwards, Floyd (News editor) S
12. Eyl, Arthur (In the Advertising Department and later Assistant to the Business Manager, 1919-1969) S
13. Franklin, Charles Bruce (Retired as Assistant Director of Circulation after 46 years with the two papers) S
14. Gill, George N. (President and Chief Executive Officer of the Courier-Journal and Louisville Times) S
15. Hartley, Frank (Starting as a sports writer in 1938, he became State Editor in 1976) S
16. Hawpe, David (Reporter, City Editor, and since 1979 Managing Editor) S
17. Herchenroeder, John (City Editor, 1945-1965) S
18. Issaacs, Norman (Managing editor, Louisville Times, 1952-1962; Executive Editor, Courier Journal and Louisville Times, 1962-1970) S
19. Janensch, Paul (Vice President of the Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Co. and Executive Editor of both) S
20. Landau, Herman (Makeup Editor) S
21. MacKinnon, Cyrus (President of Courier-Journal and Times Co., 1968-1981) S
22. Mann, Frank (Printer and later Superintendent of the Composing Room, 1932-1981) S
23. Moore, Martin (Reporter and columnist with the Times for 44 years) S
24. Pearce, John Ed (Editor writer, shared in receiving a Pulitzer Prize in 1967) S
25. Richards, John L. (Senior Vice President of the Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Company, WHAS, etc.) R, S
26. Ruby, Earl (Sports Editor 1938-1968 and later columnist) S
27. Runyon, Keith L. (Editor of the Forum) R, S
28. Schulman, Bob (Commentator for the two papers and for WHAS-TV) R, S
29. Sutton, Carol (Feature writer and later editor, since 1956) S
30. Tallichet, Leon (With the two papers since 1958 and since 1980 Senior Vice President and Treasurer) S
31. Towles, Donald (Vice President of Public Affairs for the two papers) S
32. Williams, Mary Alice (Manager of Library Reference Services until 1980) S
33. Wyatt, Wilson (Counselor and member of the Board of Directors of the two companies) S, T

Louisville's Ethnic Communities

1. Aubespin, Mervin (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) R, T
2. Ballard, Lenore (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) R, T
3. Baye, Betty (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) T
4. Butler, Henrietta (Includes discussion of the American Baptist Newspaper starting around the 1930s)
5. Cole, Lattimore (Recollections about his father, I. Willis Cole, Editor of the Louisville Leader, 1917-1950)
6. Ealy, William (Discusses his recollections of Louisville journalism from 1910s to 1970s and comments on African American journalists I. Willis Cole (Louisville Leader), William Warley (Louisville News), and Frank Stanley, Sr. (Louisville Defender))
7. Pays, Mike (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) R
8. Randle, Lela (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) R, T
9. Riley, Charles (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) R, T
10. Riley, John (Interview regarding the Louisville Association of Black Communicators) R, T
11. Stanley, Kenneth (Editor of the Louisville Defender)
12. Stanley, Vivian Clark (Widow of Frank L. Stanley, Sr., former Editor and Publisher of the Louisville Defender) R, S

C. Additional Holdings

The center has additional interviews that involve various journalists and their connection with specific public issues and events and business practices. They can be identified in the finding aids for Business Interviews, The City of Louisville, Education, Kentucky; Big Sing Day, and Louisville's Ethnic Communities, and Organizations.

D. Contact

Mary Margaret Bell
Co-Director, Oral History Center
University Archives and Records Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky 40292
Phone (502) 852-6674

Part Three: Oral Histories at Presidential Libraries and Archives

The holdings of all the presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration have been examined for this section. Accordingly, it covers oral histories at all the libraries of the presidents from Herbert Hoover to the present, with the exception of the Richard M. Nixon material. The disposition of the latter will be explained subsequently.

In recent years oral history programs at the presidential libraries have been cut back for various reasons (e.g., the shifting of funding, the release of tape recordings, and the availability of interviews done by other institutions and by individual researchers). For perspective on the emergence and present status of these valuable resources, see Regina Greenwell, "The Oral History Collections of the Presidential Libraries," Journal of American History 84 (Sept., 1997): 596-603.

I. Herbert Hoover Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

The Herbert Hoover materials are especially rich for historians not only because of his presidency but also because Hoover had such a long career as a public servant before and after his presidency. This oral history collection, consequently, spans forty years of twentieth-century history and features interviews with many journalists. Altogether the collection has close to 300 interviews.

B. Interviewees

1. Akerson, George E., Jr. (Secretary to President Hoover)
2. Allen, Robert S. (Reporter)
3. Behrens, Earl C. (Political Editor, San Francisco Chronicle)
4. Berlin, Richard E. (President and Chief Executive Officer, Hearst Corp.)
5. Catledge, Turner (Managing Editor and later Executive Editor of the New York Times, 1951-1968)
6. Chennault, Anna (Mrs. Claire Lee) (War correspondent)
7. Cole, Albert L. (Magazine editor)
8. Considine, Robert B. (Newspaperman and Hearst columnist)
9. Denton, Robert H. (Newspaper photographer)
10. Evans, Ralph (Radio station executive)
11. Fleming, Harold M. (Free lance writer on business and economics, correspondent, and radio commentator)
12. Folliard, Edward T. (Reporter 1923-1931, and White House and Special Correspondent, 1931-1966)
13. Friendly, Edwin S. (Newspaper executive, New York Sun, 1922-1950; New York World-Telegram and Sun, 1950-1954; Westchester-Rockland newspapers, 1954-1965; and president of ASNA, 1949-1951)
14. Goldberg, Reuben L. (Pulitzer prize-winning cartoonist)
15. Gould, Alan J. (Editor, Associated Press)
16. Hazlitt, Henry (Editor, author, columnist)
17. Henry, John (Syndicated columnist)
18. Holt, Pat M. (Reporter and editor)
19. Kaltenborn, Olga Von Nordenflycht (Mrs. Hans) (Wife of the famous news commentator)
20. Kirchhofer, Alfred H. (Editor, Buffalo Evening News)
21. Knight, James L (Newspaper publisher)
22. Krock, Arthur (Editor and Washington commentator)
23. Kuhn, Irene Corbally (Writer for various papers and one of Hearst's first women correspondents)
24. Larrabee, Donald R. (Reporter, owner of the New England News Bureau, and President of the National Press Club, 1973)
25. Lawrence, Mr. and Mrs. David C. (Washington correspondent 1915-1919; President, Consolidated Press Association, 1919-1933; President and Editor, United States News, 1933-1948; President and Editor, U.S. News and World Report, 1948-1973)
26. Leach, Paul (Washington correspondent)
27. Lincoln, George G. (Correspondent)
28. Lochner, Louis Paul (War and foreign correspondent)
29. Lyons, Eugene (Magazine editor)
30. MacNeil, Neil (Editor)
31. Mason, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Earl (Correspondent and manager)
32. Maury, Reuben (Editorial writer, New York Daily News)
33. Moley, Raymond (Editor, author, and adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt)
34. Morley, Felix M. (Editor and correspondent; Editor, Washington Post, 1933-1940)
35. Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. William I. (Editor and publisher)
36. Parker, Jameson (Newspaperman and assistant to Mark Sullivan)
37. Price, Byron (Editor; from 1941-1945 Director of the Office of Censorship)
38. Roosevelt, Nicholas (Editorial writer and special correspondent, New York Tribune, 1921-1923; New York Times, 1923-1930; and New York Herald-Tribune, 1933-1942)
39. Selvage, James P. (Newspaperman and public relations executive)
40. Sioussat, Mrs. Helen D'oyle (Director, CBS; Editor, CBS Talks, 1937-1954; host, Table Talk with Helen Sioussat, CBS-TV)
41. Thomas, Lowell (Radio and TV commentator and producer)
42. Timmons, Bascom N. (Washington correspondent, Houston Chronicle, 1917-1973)
43. Trohan, Walter (Washington correspondent, Chicago Tribune)
44. Waltman, Franklyn T., Jr. (Washington correspondent)
45. Warner, Albert L. (Washington correspondent)
46. White, William Lindsay (War correspondent during World War II and roving editor for Reader's Digest, 1942-1973)
47. Wilson, Richard (Columnist, editor and Washington correspondent)
48. Wolfe, Preston (President, Columbus Dispatch; Vice President, Ohio State Journal, 1903-1946; and political associate of Herbert Hoover)

C. Additional Holdings

The Hoover Library has an extensive collection of oral histories of nationally prominent people other than journalists. These along with those listed above have been transcribed. It also has a collection of short interviews, "Washington Tapes" (1965-71), in which numerous government officials, journalists, and labor leaders talk about their profession and current affairs. Theses transcripts are not transcribed. Various manuscript collections related to journalists and journalism are also located here. A comprehensive, published directory, Historical Materials in the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library (1996), is available.

D. Contact

Dwight M. Miller Senior Archivist
Herbert Hoover Library
West Branch, Iowa 52358
Phone (319) 643-5301

II. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Oral History Collection

A. Description

Although the Roosevelt Library has an extensive audiovisual record of the President and Mrs. Roosevelt, it has fewer oral histories than might be expected. The transcripts relate to associates of both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt. Altogether the collection contains nearly ninety interviews. The Library loans the oral history interviews--up to three at one time.

B. Interviewees

General Transcripts

1. The Eleanor Roosevelt Press Conferences (A videotaped group interview with reporters who covered Eleanor Roosevelt)
2. Tufty, Esther Van Wagoner (Journalist, interview about women correspondents in Washington, D.C.)

Eleanor Roosevelt Oral History Transcripts

1. Daniels, Jonathan (White House Press Secretary, 1945)
2. Gellhorn, Martha (Journalist and writer 1937-1967, friend of Eleanor Roosevelt)
3. Hoffman, Anna Rosenberg (Public relations consultant)
4. McKeever, Porter (White House correspondent, 1937-1942; Information Officer for the U.S. Delegation to the United Nations, 1946-1952)
5. Morganthau, Henry, III (Worked with Eleanor Roosevelt on her radio programs in the 1940s)

C. Additional Holdings

The library has 700 reels of motion picture film about Roosevelt and over 4,000 items (sound recordings, government agent productions, and news programs) about President and Mrs. Roosevelt. A comprehensive, published directory, Historical Materials in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library (1994), is available.

D. Contact

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library
511 Albany Post Road
Hyde Park, New York 12538
Phone (914) 229-8114

III. Harry S. Truman Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

The library has an extensive oral history collection. Begun in 1961, it now contains over 460 transcribed interviews. In some cases restrictions exist. Many of the interviews are of journalists and other media related figures.

B. Interviewees

1. Ayers, Eben A. (Assistant Press Secretary to the President, 1945-1950)
2. Brandt, Raymond P. (Chief, Washington Bureau, St. Louis Dispatch, 1934-1961)
3. Carter, John Franklin "Jay Franklin" (Journalist)
4. Cull, Richard C., Jr. (Washington correspondent, Dayton Daily News, 1947-1962)
5. Daniel, E. Clifton (Chief, Washington bureau, New York Times, 1973-1977 and Truman's son-in-law)
6. Daniels, Jonathan (Press Secretary to the President, 1945; Editor of the Raleigh News and Observer, 1948-1970)
7. Edwards, Willard A. (Washington correspondent, Chicago Tribune)
8. Fike, Stanley R. (Missouri journalist and friend of Truman)
9. Folliard, Edward T. (White House correspondent, Washington Post, 1943-1945)
10. Fox, Joseph A. (White House correspondent, Washington Evening Star, 1943-1954)
11. Gentry, Sue (Reporter, Independence Examiner)
12. Greene, Charles (Washington correspondent, New York Daily News, 1946-1969 and Chief of the paper's Washington Bureau, 1969-1975)
13. Holeman, Frank (Washington correspondent, New York Daily News, 1946-1965)
14. Keeley, Mary Paxton (Journalist and friend of President and Mrs. Truman)
15. Kelly, Frank (Writer, speechwriter, journalist)
16. Kent, Carleton (Washington correspondent, Chicago Daily Times and Chicago Sun Times, 1945-1971)
17. Kenworthy, Carroll H. (Editor of the foreign department of United Press International, Washington, 1941-1967)
18. Lincoln, Gould (Columnist, Washington Evening Star, 1909-1974)
19. Nixon, Robert G. (Washington correspondent, International News Service, 1944-1958)
20. Perlmeter, Irving (Assistant Press Secretary to the President, 1950-1957)
21. Porter, James Woodrow "Bud" (Reporter, Kansas City Star, 1944-1973)
22. Reinsch, J. Leonard (White House radio adviser, 1945-1952)
23. Riggs, Robert L. (Chief, Washington Bureau, Louisville Courier-Journal, 1942-1967)
24. Slater, Harold M. (City Editor, St. Joseph News-Press, 1927-1979)
25. Strout, Richard L. (Reporter, Washington Bureau, Christian Science Monitor, 1925-1984)
26. Tames, George (Photographer, Time magazine, 1938-1945 and New York Times, 1945-1985)
27. Theis, J. William (Chief, U.S. Senate staff of the International News Service, 1945-1958; chief, U.S. Senate staff of United Press International, 1958-1968)
28. Trohan, Walter (Executive director, 1947-1949, and chief, 1949-1969, Washington bureau of the Chicago Tribune)
29. Tubby, Roger (Assistant Press Secretary to the President, 1950-1952; Press Secretary to the President, 1952-1954)
30. Walsh, Robert K. (Reporter, Washington Evening Star, 1946-1969)

C. Additional Holdings

The library also has oral interviews of some of the foreign journalists stationed in Washington and of several figures involved in publicity and public relations for the Democratic party. Although Truman's staff devoted much less effort to creating an audiovisual record of his presidency than is common with late twentieth-century presidents, the library has assembled an impressive collection of photographs, motion pictures of all types, and sound recordings featuring President Truman. The sound recordings cover Truman's speeches, press conferences and casual remarks from 1934 to 1968. The library can provide reproductions of all the items in the audiovisual collections, though some are protected by copyright. A comprehensive, published directory, Guide to Materials in the Harry S. Truman Library (1995 with addendum to 1998) is available.

D. Contact

Harry S. Truman Library
500 W. U.S. Highway 24
Independence, Missouri 64050-1798
Phone (816) 833-1400

IV. Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

This collection contains interviews conducted by the Eisenhower Library's staff, some transcripts acquired by cooperative arrangement with Columbia University's Oral History Project, and a smaller component of interviews that various other institutions and individuals donated. Altogether it contains about 500 transcribed interviews including those of many journalists.

B. Interviewees

1. Abel, Elie (Foreign correspondent, New York Times, 1945-1959; diplomatic correspondent, NBC News, Washington)
2. Alsop, Joseph (News correspondent, New York Herald Tribune)
3. Behrens, Earl C. (Political Editor, San Francisco Chronicle)
4. Bell, Jack (Political analyst, Associated Press, 1937-1969)
5. Berding, Andrew H. (Journalist, U.S. Information Agency, 1953-1957; Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, 1957-1961)
6. Clark, Robert E. (Reporter, International News Service)
7. Crawford, Kenneth (National Affairs editor of Newsweek, 1952, and manager of Newsweekıs Washington bureau, 1955-1961)
8. Donovan, Robert (Correspondent, New York Herald-Tribune)
9. Douthit, George (Reporter, Arkansas Democrat, 1957-1959)
10. Drummond, Roscoe (Reporter, Christian Science Monitor
11. Folliard, Edward T. (Reporter, Washington Post)
12. Hagerty, James C. (Press Secretary to the President, 1953-1961)
13. Hightower, John (Diplomatic correspondent, Associated Press)
14. Hodgins, Eric (Editor, Time, Inc., 1933-1958)
15. Klein, Herbert G. (Newspaper editor and associate of Richard Nixon)
16. Lawrence, William H. (White House correspondent, New York Times)
17. Luter, John (Associate Editor, Newsweek, 1958-1961)
18. McCoy, Alvin (Newspaperman on Kansas politics, Kansas City Star)
19. McCrory, James (Newspaperman on Texas politics, San Antonio Light and San Antonio Express and News)
20. Mazo, Earl (Journalist, New York Herald Tribune, 1950-1964)
21. Morgan, Edward P. (CBS correspondent, 1951-1954; ABC news commentator, 1955-1967)
22. Patterson, Hugh, Jr. (Publisher, Arkansas Gazette)
23. Reid, Ogden R. (Editor, New York Herald Tribune and U.S. Ambassador to Israel, 1959-1961)
24. Roberts, Chalmers (Newsman, Washington Post)
25. Roberts, Charles (Journalist)
26. Rovere, Richard H. (Author and staff writer for New Yorker magazine)
27. Salisbury, Harrison (Journalist, United Press International and New York Times)
28. Scherer, Raymond (NBC White House correspondent)
29. Shelton, William T. (City Editor Arkansas Gazette)
30. Shepley, James R. (Washington Bureau Chief, Time magazine, 1948-1961)
31. Sherrod, Robert Lee (Saturday Evening Post Far East correspondent, 1952-1955 and Managing Editor, 1955-1962)
32. Smith, Howard K. (Chief European Correspondent and European Director of CBS in London, 1946-1957, and CBB correspondent, Washington, 1957-1961)
33. Smith, Merriman (White House Correspondent, United Press International, 1941-1970)

C. Additional Holdings

The library also has 210,000 still photographs and several thousand motion picture films, video tapes, and audio tapes about the life and times of Dwight D. Eisenhower. The audio collection includes his press conferences. In the Eisenhower Library's Museum collection, there is a collection of political cartoons and political artifacts. A comprehensive, published directory, Historical Materials in the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (1998), is available.

D. Contact

The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
200 S.E. 4th Street
Abilene, Kansas 67410
Phone (785) 263-4751

V. John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

This extensive oral history collection was begun in 1964 and contains over a thousand interviews about the life and presidency of John F. Kennedy. Presently, 910 of these have been transcribed, and the library will provide copies of the transcripts, if not covered by restrictions, for a fee. Many journalists are among the interviewers.

B. Interviewees

1. Abel, Elie (Broadcast journalist, NBC)
2. Alsop, Joseph (Wright) (Columnist)
3. Barthelmes, Albert Wesley "Wes" (Press Secretary to Robert F. Kennedy)
4. Bell, Jack L. (Journalist, Associated Press)
5. Buchwald, Art (Journalist, humorist)
6. Cauley, John (Foreign Affairs Editor, Washington Bureau, Kansas City Star)
7. Chilton, William (Edwin) (Publisher, Charlestown Gazette)
8. Cogley, John (Executive Editor, Commonwealth, 1950-1955)
9. Colbert, James G. (Political Editor, Boston Post)
10. Coleman, Barbara J. (White House press aide)
11. Cushman, Helen Lanigan Caldwell (Journalist, WIMA radio, Charlottesville, Va.; Kennebec Journal)
12. Dazzi, Andrew ; Harris, John (Journalists, Boston Globe)
13. Dixon, Margaret (Managing Editor, Baton Rouge Morning Advocate)
14. Evans, Rowland (Journalist, New York Herald Tribune, 1955-1963; syndicated columnist, 1963- )
15. Folliard, Edward (Journalist, Washington Post)
16. Graham, Katharine (Publisher, Washington Post)
17. Hatcher, Andrew J. (Assistant Press Secretary to John F. Kennedy, 1960-1963)
18. Hearst, William Randolph (1908-1993) (Owner, editor, Hearst Newspapers)
19. Heren, Louis (American editor, The Times of London)
20. Herling, John (Publisher, John Herling's Labor Letter, 1947- )
21. Hoffman, Harry G. (Editor, Charleston Gazette)
22. Kapenstein, Ira (Journalist, Milwaukee Journal, 1956-1963)
23. Kelso, John H. (Journalist, Boston Post)
24. Kilpatrick, Carroll (Journalist, Washington Post)
25. Knebel, Fletcher (Journalist, Look)
26. Knebel, Laura Bergquist (Journalist, Look)
27. Kraft, Joseph (Journalist, syndicated columnist, 1963-1986)
28. Krock, Arthur (Journalist, New York Times, 1927-1967)
29. Lawrence, William H. (Journalist, New York Times, 1943-1961; news commentator, ABC, 1961-1968)
30. Lewin, Charles J. (Editor, General Manager, New Bedford Times; President, Cape Cod Standard Times)
31. Lewis, Anthony (Journalist, New York Times, Washington Bureau 1955-1964, London Bureau 1965-1972)
32. Lincoln, George Gould (Editor, Washington Star, 1909-1974)
33. Lippmann, Walter (Journalist, New York Herald Tribune, Newsweek)
34. Lisagor, Peter (Chief, Washington Bureau, Chicago Daily News, 1959-1976)
35. Luce, Henry (Robinson) (Publisher, Time, Inc.; Editor-in-Chief, Time, 1923-1964)
36. Manning, Robert (Journalist, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs)
37. McGill, Ralph (Publisher, Atlanta Constitution)
38. Pierpoint, Robert (CBS News White House correspondent, 1957-1980)
39. Press Panel. Interview with White House correspondents (includes Herman, George , CBS, 1954-1987; Lisagor, Peter , Chicago Daily News, 1959-1976; and McGrory, Mary , Washington Evening Star, 1954-1981)
40. Reston, James (Editor, New York Times)
41. Rice, (Cyrus F.) "Cy" (Journalist, Milwaukee Sentinel)
42. Ringler, Paul (Journalist, Milwaukee Journal)
43. Roberts, Chalmers (Journalist, Washington Post)
44. Roberts, Charles (Wesley) (Contributing Editor, Newsweek)
45. Salinger, Pierre (Press Secretary to John F. Kennedy, 1960-1964)
46. Scali, John (Journalist, Associated Press and ABC)
47. Tames, George (Photographer, Washington Bureau, New York Times, 1945-1985)
48. Thompson, Robert Elliott (Press secretary for John F. Kennedy's reelection campaign, 1958; Washington correspondent, Los Angeles Times, 1962-1966)
49. Vanocur, Sander (Journalist, NBC News)
50. Walton, William (Journalist, author and painter, and Kennedy and Hemingway friend)
51. Weber, Stanley E. (Journalist, Oregon Journal)
52. White House Staff Reflections on the New Frontier (includes Donovan, Robert , journalist and author; Healey, Robert , journalist, Boston Globe; Wicker, Tom , journalist, Washington Bureau, New York Times)
53. Wicker, Thomas G. (Journalist and author)
54. Winship, Thomas (Washington correspondent, 1945-1956, editor, Boston Globe)

C. Additional Holdings

The oral history collection also includes interviews with several foreign journalists stationed in Washington and many political figures and people involved in publicity who would be of interest to journalism historians. The library also has a large audiovisual archive of John F. Kennedy's life and administration. A comprehensive, published directory, Historical Materials in the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library (1993 with updated addendum), is available.

D. Contact

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library
Columbia Point
Boston, Massachusetts 02125
Phone (617) 929-4500

VI. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

This collection contains over 1300 oral history interviews, including those of many journalists. Unless restricted they may be borrowed by mail.

B. Interviewees

1. abAbel, Elie (Foreign correspondent)
2. Allen, Robert (Columnist)
3. Alsop, Joseph (Reporter and Washington correspondent, New York Herald Tribune, 1932-1937, and columnist, 1937-1974)
4. Alsop, Stewart (Columnist)
5. Ashmore, Harry (Executive editor, Arkansas Gazette)
6. Bartlett, Charles L. (Journalist)
7. Baskin, Robert (Chief, Washington Bureau, Dallas Morning News, 1960-1972)
8. Beech, Keyes (Journalist, Far Eastern specialist, Chicago Daily News)
9. Boatner, Charles K. (Texas journalist and friend of LBJ; director of Press Information, Department of the Interior)
10. Bolton, Paul (Journalist, KTBC news, and friend of the Johnsons)
11. Byers, Bo (Journalist, member of the Texas Capitol Press Corps, Associated Press, and Houston Chronicle, 1946-1983)
12. Carpenter, Elizabeth (Press Secretary and Staff Director to Mrs. Johnson)
13. Carpenter, Leslie (Journalist)
14. Carter, Hodding, Jr. (Editor, Delta Democrat-Times, Greenville, Mississippi)
15. Christian, George E. (White House Press Secretary and Special Assistant to the President, 1966-1969)
16. Daniels, Jonathan (Editor, Raleigh News and Observer)
17. Dickerson, Nancy (News correspondent)
18. Easley, L. T. "Tex" (Journalist, Associated Press, 1937-1967)
19. Fleming, Robert (White House Deputy Press Secretary)
20. Fore, Sam, Jr. (Texas newspaperman)
21. Frankel, Max (Editor, New York Times)
22. Fulcher, Gordon (Managing editor, Austin American-Statesman and friend of LBJ)
23. Goulding, Phil G. (Journalist, Cleveland Plain Dealer, 1947-1965)
24. Graham, Katharine (Publisher, Washington Post)
25. Hagerty, James (White House Press Secretary for President Eisenhower)
26. Harte, Houston (Publisher, San Angelo Standard and friend of LBJ)
27. Hornaday, Walter G. (Chief, Washington Bureau, Dallas Morning News)
28. Huntley, Chester R. "Chet" (NBC news commentator)
29. Jackson, Robert M. (Editor, Corpus Christi Caller-Times and LBJ's roommate in early Washington days)
30. Just, Ward (Journalist, Newsweek, 1959-1965; Washington Post, 1965-1970, assigned to cover the Vietnam War)
31. Keach, Carroll (Editor, Robstown Record, Robstown, Texas and friend of LBJ)
32. Kilpatrick, Carroll (Journalist, Washington Post)
33. Kinch, Sam (Journalist, member of Texas Capitol Press Corps)
34. Krock, Arthur (Columnist)
35. Lee, Ray (Journalist, Austin American-Statesman and friend of LBJ)
36. Lincoln, Gould (Journalist, Washington Evening Star, 1909-1967)
37. Long, Stuart M. (Editor, Long News Service, Austin, Texas)
38. McCulloch, Frank (Foreign correspondent, Bureau Chief, Time-Life News Service, China and Southeast Asia, 1963-1968)
39. McKnight, Felix (Journalist, Dallas Morning News, 1941-1957; later, Managing Editor, Dallas Times-Herald)
40. McNeil, Marshall (Journalist)
41. Mayer, Margaret (Member, Texas Capitol Press Corps; Washington Bureau, Dallas Times-Herald)
42. Moore, Powell (Press Secretary to Senator Richard Russell, Georgia, 1966-1970)
43. Novak, Robert (Columnist)
44. Oberdorfer, Don (Washington correspondent, Knight Newspapers, 1958-1961; staff writer, Washington Post, 1968; Associate Editor, Saturday Evening Post, 1961-65)
45. Patterson, Eugene C. (Editor, Atlanta Constitution)
46. Pearson, Drew (Author, columnist)
47. Provence, Harry (Editor, Waco Tribune-Herald)
48. Rather, Dan (CBS news correspondent)
49. Reedy, George E. (White House Press Secretary, 1964-1965) Sixteen interviews.
50. Roberts, Chalmers (Journalist, Washington Post, 1949-1971)
51. Roberts, Charles (White House correspondent, Newsweek)
52. Rovere, Richard H. (Assistant Editor, The Nation, 1940-1943; Editor, Common Sense, 1943-1944; staff writer, The New Yorker, 1944-1972)
53. Rowe, James (Journalist, Corpus Christi Caller-Times)
54. Salisbury, Harrison (Foreign affairs correspondent, New York Times)
55. Sidey, Hugh (Washington correspondent, Time)
56. Theis, John William (Washington correspondent, 1942-1976; Chief Senate Staff, International News Service, 1945-1958; Chief Senate Staff, United Press, 1958-1968; chief, Washington bureau, Hearst Newspapers, 1968-1976)
57. Timmons, Bascom Nolly (Journalist)
58. White, William S. (Journalist and friend of LBJ)
59. Wicker, Thomas G. (Staff, New York Times Washington bureau, 1960-1964, Bureau Chief, 1964-1968, and Associate Editor, 1968-1985)
60. Wiggins, J. Russell (Executive Vice President and Editor, Washington Post)

C. Additional Holdings

There are also some interviews in the collection that were done by other oral history projects. They include: George Christian (White House Press Secretary and Special Assistant to the President), Robert Fleming (White House Deputy Press Secretary) and Gould Lincoln (Washington journalist). The Library also has an extensive collection of audiovisual materials (photographs, sound tapes, video recordings, and motion pictures) pertaining to Johnson's life and presidency. A comprehensive, published directory, Historical Materials in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library (1988 with addendum to 1998), is available.

D. Contact

Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
2313 Red River Street
Austin, Texas 78705
Phone (512) 916-5137

VII. Richard M. Nixon Materials: National Archives, College Park, Maryland

A. Description

The status of the Nixon presidential papers is unique. In 1978 Congress passed a law making presidential papers government property to be administered by the National Archives. That law would affect the Ronald Reagan materials and those of subsequent presidents. Previous presidents since Herbert Hoover had donated their records to the public. Nixon's papers, however, have been in litigation for nearly two decades. Late in 1974, the Congress passed a law that nullified an earlier agreement allowing Nixon to destroy any of his taped conversations that he wished to destroy at an agreed upon future time and specified that Nixon's records, including the tapes, be preserved in the Washington area. Nixon later brought a suit against government seeking payment for those records. The Nixon estate continues to seek payment while the government balks at granting it. Consequently, the main body of materials associated with the Nixon presidency remains unavailable for research.

Nevertheless, a surprising number of oral histories relating to Nixon, and even to his presidency, are open to researchers. They are, however, scattered. Because of the abrupt end of the Nixon presidency, only a few exit interviews were conducted. Those that were are located among the Nixon Presidential Materials , known also as the Nixon Project, at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland . They included an interview with Herbert Klein and other significant materials. Some private historical materials relating to Nixon are at the Richard M. Nixon Library and Birthplace in Yorba Linda, California. That is a privately owned facility and does not contain his presidential papers. There are oral histories in the Yorba Linda collection, but they are closed to research. Additional relevant oral histories (about 400 interviews) are in an oral history project done some years ago at Whittier College. They are located at the National Archives--Pacific Region at Laguna Niguel, California, and they too are closed. However, there are some audiovisual materials at the National Archives at Laguna Niguel and at College Park that are of interest to journalism historians, and are open (see "C" below). Yet other oral histories of Nixon, ones dealing with him as a young man, can be found in the Oral History Program at California State University, Fullerton. They, too, are open.

B. --

C. Additional Holdings

There are a number of audiovisual items in Nixon's Pre-Presidential Papers at Laguna Niguel, California pertinent to journalism history. For example, tapes and transcripts of his 1964 campaign speeches can be found in the Campaign Files section of that collection. Audiovisual items in the Nixon Project at College Park, Maryland include recordings of Nixon's broadcasts, selected speeches, press conferences, and much more. The Nixon Project also has 950 Nixon White House Tapes , 418 hours of which are open for public listening, including the 60 hours of conversation the Watergate Special Prosecution Force used in its investigation. Other Watergate related conversations (85 of 88 conversations) have been transcribed and are also open for research.

D. Contact

Nixon Presidential Materials Staff (NLNP)
Office of Presidential Libraries
National Archives at College Park
8601 Adelphi Road
College Park, Maryland 20740
Phone (301) 713-6950

Also

National Archives--Pacific Region
24000 Avila Road
Laguna Niguel, California 92677
Phone (714) 360-2641

Also

Susan Naulty: Archivist
Richard M. Nixon Library and Birthplace
Yorba Linda, California 92885

Also

Ms. Gail Gutierrez, Archivist
Oral History Program
California State University
P.O. Box 6846
Fullerton, California 92834

VIII. Gerald R. Ford Library Interviews

A. Description

The Ford Library does not have a formal oral history collection, but it does have some research interviews conducted by several scholars for their own work. They include interviews by John Robert Greene for his books Gerald R. Ford: A Bibliography (1994) and The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford (1995), by Chase Haddix with several of Ford's advisors, by James A. Reichley for his book Conservatives in an Age of Change (1981), by Mark J. Rozell for his book The Press and the Ford Presidency (1992), and by William Syers regarding Fordıs congressional career and congressional liaison as president. The Rozell interviews are listed below.

B. Interviewees

Mark J. Rozell: Research Interviews

Included here are transcripts of interviews with Gerald Ford, Robert Hartmann, a journalist who served as a senior advisor to Ford from 1966 to 1976, and with the following staff of the Press/Communications Office:

1. Carlson, John
2. Greener, William
3. Hartmann, Robert
4. Nessen, Ron
5. Roberts, John W. "Bill"
6. Speakes, Larry
7. TerHorst, Jerald
8. Thompson, Louis M., Jr.
9. Warren, Gerald
10. White, Margita

C. Additional Holdings

The Ford Library has large holdings of audiovisual materials (photographs, audio tapes, videotapes, and motion picture film) relating to Gerald Ford and his presidency. These collections also contain hundreds of items about the First Lady and her interests. A comprehensive, published directory, Guide to Historical Materials in the Gerald R. Ford Library (1998), is available.

D. Contact

Gerald R. Ford Library
1000 Beal Street
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Phone (734) 741-2341

IX. Jimmy Carter Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

This collection has several components: the Carter/Smith Family Oral History Project ; the National Park Service, Plains, Georgia, Project ; White Burkett Miller Center Jimmy Carter Project ; White House Exit Interview Project ; and Miscellaneous Interviews. If a transcript of the interview is available, it may be loaned by mail. Some of the interviews are available only on audio cassette, but they are also available for loan. Journalists and media personnel are included in the projects listed below.

B. Interviewees

National Park Service Plains, Georgia, Project

1. Barrett, Leila (Journalist, Times-Recorder, Plains, Ga.)
2. Hayes, Rudy (Journalist, Times-Recorder, Plains, Ga.)

White Burkett Miller Center Jimmy Carter Project

1. Powell, Jody (Office of the Press Secretary, including Patricia Bario, Al Friendly, Rex Granum, Ray Jenkins, Dale Leibach, and Claudia Townsend)
2. Rafshoon, Gerald (Assistant to the President for Communications)

White House Exit Interview Project

1. Anderson, Ann (Deputy Press Secretary, First Ladyıs Office)
2. Bario, Patricia (Associate Press Secretary)
3. Bauer, Pat (Editor, White House News Summary)
4. Edwards, Anne (Special Assistant, Press advance)
5. Ehrhardt, Sylvia (Media Liaison)
6. Granum, Rex (Deputy Press Secretary)
7. Hoyt, Mary (Press Secretary to the First Lady)
8. Jagoda, Barry (Special Assistant to the President for Media and Public Affairs)
9. Jenkins, Ray (Press Office)
10. King, Gregory (News Summary Office)
11. Lewis, Randy (Aide, Press Office)
12. Powell, Jody (Press Secretary)
13. Purks, Jim (Assistant Press Secretary)
14. Rafshoon, Gerald (Assistant to the President for Communications)
15. Raymond, Alan ( Director of Special Projects, Office of Media Liaison)
16. Robinson, Mary Ellen (Secretary, White House Press Office)
17. Schneiders, Gregory (Deputy Assistant to the President for Communications)
18. Schwartz, Gail (Secretary, White House Press Office)
19. Straus, Jeanne (Editorial Assistant, White House News Summary Office)
20. Wurfel, Walt (Deputy Press Secretary)

C. Additional Holdings

The audiovisual material at the Jimmy Carter Library contains various items of interest to journalism historians. Included, for instance, are White House Staff Photographs, White House Communications Agency Videotapes and Audiotapes, and over a million feet of motion picture film depicting about a thousand events involving President Carter. A comprehensive, published directory, Guide to Historical Materials in the Jimmy Carter Library (1998), is available.

D. Contact

Jimmy Carter Library
441 Freedom Parkway
Atlanta, Georgia 30307
Phone (404) 331-3942

X. Ronald Reagan Library Oral History Collection

A. Description

The library's collection has two components: (1) White House Staff Exit Interviews and (2) Non-Presidential Records received as gifts from the Bancroft Library's Oral History Program and interviews conducted by the historian for the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization. The Staff Exit Interviews are recorded interviews and are not currently open to research, but they may be requested by submitting a Freedom of Information Act request. Interviews located in the Non-Presidential Records are governed by terms of the deeds of the gifts involved. Listed below are the major media personnel included in the interviews.

B. Interviewees

White House Staff Exit Interviews

1. Djerejian, Edward (Office of the Press Secretary: Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary, 1985)
2. Duval, Janice (Office of Communication: Media Coordinator, Media Relations and Planning, 1981-1984)
3. Evans, Michael (Personal photographer to the President, 1981-1985)
4. Hart, William (Bill) (News Summary Office: Director, News Summary and Audio Service, 1981-1985)
5. Mathes, Donald E. (Office of the Press Secretary: Assistant Press Secretary, 1986)
6. Petrosky, Dale (Office of the Press Secretary: Assistant Press Secretary, 1985-1987)
7. Richard, Susan Mathis ( Office of Media Relations: Special Assistant to the President and Director, Media Relations, 1985-1987; Associate Director, 1984-1985)
8. Small-Stringer, Karna (Office of Media Relations: Deputy Assistant to the President and Director, Media Relations and Planning, 1982-1983; Office of the Press Secretary: Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary, 1982)
9. Troxler, Lee (Office of the Press Secretary: Radio Actualities,l News Summary, 1981-1983)

Non-Presidential Records

1. Beck, Paul (Reagan Gubernatorial Press Secretary, 1967-1972)
2. McDowell, Jack S. (Political editor, The Call Bulletin, 1956-1969; Director of Press Operations, Spencer Roberts Company for 1970 Re-election of Governor Reagan, 1969-1971)
3. Nofziger, Franklyn C. . (Press Secretary for the Reagan Election Campaign, 1966)

C. Additional Holdings

Among the Exit Interviews there are also a number of interviews with staff workers in the News Summary Office, the Office of Communications, the Office of Media Relations, and the Office of the Press Secretary. The Reagan Library also has large audiovisual holdings created by various White House Offices and contributions from various government agencies, staff members and private persons. The main body of this material is composed of items from the White House Communications Agency, the White House Photographic Office, and the White House Television Office, According to the library's guide for the Reagan collection, these three sources "comprise the core materials of the largest and most comprehensive audiovisual collections of any U.S. President" (p. 52) It is possible to have videotapes in the collection duplicated unless they are restricted under copyright law. In those cases permission must be obtained. A Preliminary List of Presidential Records and Historical Materials in the Ronald Reagan Library (1994) is available.

D. Contact

Ronald Reagan Library
40 Presidential Drive
Simi Valley, California 93065
Phone (805) 522-8511

XI. George Bush Library Oral Histories

A. Description

There are only a few oral histories, even exit interviews, in presidential materials at the Bush Library, and some of the ones that can be found there are not yet open to the public. At this point, it is too early to have publicity on these and other holdings of this library, but a preliminary report on historical materials located there is in preparation and should be available in the near future.

B. --

C. --

D. Contact

George Bush Library
1000 George Bush Drive
P.O. Box 10410
College Station, Texas 77842-0410
Phone (409) 260-9552

Part Four: Leads to Other Oral Records

Beyond the oral histories and audiovisual sources particularly pertaining to journalism history cited earlier in this survey, there are a number of others of which researchers should be aware. Some sources are included in collections of personal papers in manuscript and special libraries. Here are a few examples. A transcription of a radio interview with Frederick Lewis Allen can be found in his papers in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. Oral history interviews are included in the Dorothy Day Papers in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Marquette University and in the Jonathan Daniels Materials in the Special Collections in the J. Murray Atkins Library at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Relevant tapes supplement the Turner Catledge Papers at Mississippi State University. There is an interview with Nebraska Poet Laureate John G. Neihardt on the early days of radio in Nebraska in the Audiovisual Collection at the Nebraska State Historical Society.

Some of the collected historical sources relating to journalism history have been gathered by type. For instance, the Smithsonian's Museum of American History has interviews about the production of television commercials and a collection of over 100 of those commercials. The early television interviews conducted on CBS's Chronoscope (1951-1955) were donated to the National Archives, and oral histories of Jews in broadcasting can be found in the William E. Wiener Oral History Library in New York.

There are, of course, a number of oral history projects underway at the present, and the number of them appears to be increasing. One such project of interest to journalism historians is being conducted by the Air Force Public Affairs Alumni Association and will eventually include over 200 interviews. It will focus on all Air Force activities in which public affairs personnel have been involved, and according to John Gura who is conducting the interviews, its purpose is to provide a "resource for students, journalists and authors." The collection is being provided free of charge to the Public Relations Society of America, Resource Library (New York, New York), the USAF Academy (Colorado Springs, Colorado), the Defense Information School (Ft. Meade, Maryland), the AF Historical Research Agency (Maxwell AFB, Alabama), and also to selected graduate schools. Another project in process is the Iowa Journalists Oral History Program. Begun in 1998 by Professors Hanno Hardt and Stephen Bloom at the University of Iowa, it is an ongoing project composed of videotapes and transcribed oral history interviews of journalists who have worked in Iowa. As they are completed, the tapes and history are deposited in the State Historical Society of Iowa and are available for research. A dozen veteran Iowa journalists, including George Mills , Carl Gartner , and Ed Sidey , have been interviewed to date and 125 others have been designated for interviewing. As this project develops, it promises to become a major regional historical resource. Such projects are indicative of the growing amount of oral history inquiry in process both at the national and local levels that is applicable to the history of journalism.

Oral records, as such, also complement the richness of sources in this field. For example, the G. Robert Vincent Voice Library at Michigan State University contains many examples (H. V. Kaltenborn , Hilmar Robert Baukhage , Walter Winchell , etc.) of broadcast journalists at work. There are also some especially interesting oral records valuable for journalism history found in materials produced by the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (CSDI). It was very active in the 1970s and early 1980s, and among the audio cassettes it produced there are a number by journalists speaking on topics such as: government-press relations, freedom of the press, responsibilities of the press, etc. For information about the G. Robert Vincent Voice library, contact Maurice A. Crane, who heads the project. (G. Robert Vincent Voice Library, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1048). The materials at CSDI are listed in a booklet published by the Center, Audio Cassette Recordings from the Robert Maynard Hutchins Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions. Today these materials are kept at the University of California, Santa Barbara. For information about these materials, contact Dr. Elizabeth Witherall, Special Collections, Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9010.

A problem, however, exists regarding how to find information about the other types of oral history sources, either completed or in progress. Although there is no clearing house for this information, there are several published sources to aid researchers. Beginning in 1972, oral history transcripts and collections of sound recordings have been listed in the National Union Catalogue of Manuscript Collections (Washington: Library of Congress, annual 1962-present). Many libraries, special libraries, and historical societies have oral history holdings. They are listed in the Directory of Special Libraries and Information Centers (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1997). There are also several older directories to consult: Oral History Collections by Alan M. Mechler and Ruth McMullin (New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1975), Oral History in the United States: A Directory by Gary L. Shumway (New York: Oral History Association, 1971), the Directory of Oral History Programs in the United States (Sanford, N.C.: Microfilming Corporation of America, 1982), and the Directory of Oral History Collections by Allen Smith (New York: ORYX [Phoenix], 1988). Since oral history collections and tapes are sometimes available for purchase in microfiche or microfilm from commercial producers, catalogs of companies such as Gale Research, Mecklermedia, Microfilming Corporation of America, and University Publications of America should be consulted.

Historians should also be aware of the wide array of oral sources pertaining to journalism history that can be found at some major research centers. The Newseum in Arlington, Virginia, for instance, has interviews with sixty prominent journalists (e.g., Helen Thomas and Bob Woodward) among its holdings as well as material on the 513 figures featured in their exhibits. In this case, interested scholars should contact the Newseumıs librarian before visiting (703-528-0800). Other major research centers with oral records relevant to journalism history include, the Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C .; the Division of Motion Pictures, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound, Library of Congress , Washington, D.C.; the Motion Picture, Sound, and Video Branch of the National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.; the National Broadcasting Company Library , New York; and Vanderbilt University's Television News Archives .

There are, of course, a number of published oral histories, some projects and some individual works. For instance, several journalists are included in The Black Women Oral History Project, 10 vols. (Meckler, 1991). For information about all the records contained in this project contact: The Black Women Oral History Project, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. A number of books based on oral histories including those of journalists should also be of interest. For example, Gerald S. Strober and Deborah Hart Strober, the authors of Let Us Begin Anew: An Oral History of the Kennedy Presidency, have recently published Nixon: An Oral History of His Presidency (Harper Collins, 1996). A good place to start when searching for other published oral histories is America: History and Life (1964- ) and the current volumes of Books in Print. For bibliographies on oral histories, see Patricia Pate Havlice, Oral History: A Reference Guide and Annotated Bibliography (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1985).

It comes as no surprise to suggest that the World Wide Web is a most valuable tool to use in locating information about oral histories, oral history associations, and activity in the field. To access use "oral history," "journalism history," or similar key words.

Finally, historians especially interested in oral history may wish to contact or join the Oral History Association . Contact its executive secretary (History Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013-2896). The association publishes a journal, the Oral History Review, and a newsletter.